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of microcontroller from Microchip Technology Inc. In addition to its ability to
run programs, the microcontroller has input and output lines (pins) that are
used to control motor drive systems, read sensors, and communicate. We
demand a lot from our microcontroller(s), so it’s important to have a good idea
of what a microcontroller is right from the start.
What Is a Microcontroller?
A microcontroller is essentially an inexpensive singlechip computer. Singlechip means the entire computer system lies within the confines of a sliver of
silicon encapsulated inside the plastic housing of an integrated circuit. The
microcontroller has features similar to those of a standard personal computer.
The microcontroller contains a CPU (central processing unit), RAM (random
access memory), ROM (readonly memory), I/O (input/output) lines, serial and
parallel ports, timers, and sometimes other builtin peripherals such as ana
logtodigital (A/D) and digitaltoanalog (D/A) converters. The key feature,
however, is the microcontroller’s capability of uploading, storing, and running
a program.
Why Use a Microcontroller?
Being inexpensive singlechip computers, microcontrollers are easy to embedinto larger electronic circuit designs. Their ability to store and run unique pro
grams makes them extremely versatile. For instance, one can program a
microcontroller to make decisions and perform functions based on situations
(I/O line logic) and events. The math and logic functions allow the microcon
troller to mimic sophisticated logic and electronic circuits
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